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You are here: Home / Archives for Robin Aronow

Syntax: Subordinate Clauses

August 10, 2018 by Robin Aronow

There are two types of subordinate or dependent clauses discussed in this brief tutorial: those headed by an adverbial subordinate conjunction and those headed by a relative pronoun (adjectival subordinate conjunction).  Adverbial subordinate clauses modify, or give information about the verb in the main clause.  Adjectival subordinate clauses modify a noun in the main clause. Subordinate … [Read more...]

Filed Under: Tutorials Syntax

Morphological Typology

June 6, 2018 by Robin Aronow

Morphological Typology Languages can be classified into groups based on a number of different linguistic criteria. One such way to categorize languages is by the type and extent of morphology that they use. For example, some languages string many morphemes together while others languages tend to realize most words as independent or mono-morphemic segments. The latter type of language is … [Read more...]

Filed Under: Tutorials Morphology

Vowel Features

January 18, 2018 by Robin Aronow

Vowels Vowel features describe the height of the tongue in the oral cavity (high, mid, low), the part of the tongue (front, central, back), the degree of tension in the tongue and lips (tense/lax), which is sometimes correlated with the position of the root of the tongue (advanced tongue root - ATR) and (retracted tongue root - RTR), and the position of the lips (+/- round). high: the … [Read more...]

Filed Under: Brief tutorials

Aspiration in Standard American English

January 18, 2018 by Robin Aronow

Aspiration Aspiration is a secondary feature on specified obstruents, based on the language of use. The release of these obstruents is accompanied by a burst of air, which delays the onset of the vowel. This is referred to as ‘voice onset time' (VOT). In languages such as Salasaka Quichua, an aspirated /ph/ as opposed to an unaspirated /p/ can change the meaning of the word. (1) [pakak] … [Read more...]

Filed Under: Brief tutorials

Syntax: The Case Filter

April 13, 2017 by Robin Aronow

Every language must adhere to universal principles as well as language-specific parameters, in all areas of its grammar.  In the study of syntax, we learn that: phrases are built as hierarchical structures that consist of a head and all its constituents, i.e., modifiers, complements, etc. language-specific phrase structure rules stipulate a. the constituents that are permitted in a … [Read more...]

Filed Under: Tutorials Syntax

A Few Thoughts on How Humans are Wired to do Language: Innateness Hypothesis and Poverty of the Stimulus

February 9, 2017 by Robin Aronow

Innateness Hypothesis Consider the fact that any neurologically normal child born in any part of the world can learn any language natively.  Many learn two or three languages simultaneously. In fact, studies have shown that infants are born with the ability to distinguish between all of the different sounds of any language.  For example, infants of any linguistic background can recognize the … [Read more...]

Filed Under: Tutorials Introduction to Linguistics

Phonetics: Phonemic Symbols 1.1

September 30, 2016 by Robin Aronow

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Filed Under: Free Exercises

Phonology: Minimal Pairs Tutorial

September 6, 2016 by Robin Aronow

What are minimal pairs? Minimal pairs are two words (a pair) that are identical in all sounds but one.   We use them to show which phonemes are distinct, or contrastive in a language. Distinct phonemes are those of which a speaker is aware. We know that two sounds are distinct from each other if, when the sounds are exchanged, meaning changes. This applies to both consonants and … [Read more...]

Filed Under: Tutorials Phonology

Phonetics: Practicing the Description of Vowels of Standard English 1.2

August 30, 2016 by Robin Aronow

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Filed Under: Exercise Needs Work

Phonetics: Practicing the Description of Consonants in Standard English 1.2

August 30, 2016 by Robin Aronow

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Filed Under: Exercise Needs Work

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Accidental Gap

A form of a word or morpheme which is well formed according to language-specific phonological but non-existent. Ex: frick

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